The only feasible way that I see to replace it

, is that the next programming language must provide real benefits, easy to implement as JS and a massive push from the providers to force developers to move to new technology.
Furthermore, Go, Julia, Python, etc. As potential alternatives that you provide in your question, all of them are Server Side programming languages and they would involve massive changes from the browser's perspective. You might need to re-write them from scratch, create a new engine, agree with the companies and of course more processing power that in developing nations (India, Africa or Latin America) a potential target for all these companies, this is not exactly a feasible solution in the foreseeable future.

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